⚗️ Laboratory Chemistry & Reagent Preparation
Solution Dilution Calculator ($C_1 V_1 = C_2 V_2$)
Calculate stock aliquot volume ($V_1$), required solvent/water buffer to add, final volume ($V_2$), and dilution factors across molarity (M, mM, μM), percentages, and mg/mL.
Initial Stock Solution ($C_1, V_1$)
Final Target Solution ($C_2, V_2$)
M
Required Stock Volume (V₁)
10.00 mL
Stock Solution ($V_1$)
10.00 mL
Solvent to Add ($V_{\text{diluent}}$)
190.00 mL
Final Volume ($V_2$)
200.00 mL
📋 Benchtop Preparation Protocol:
Pipette 10.00 mL of the 5.0 M stock solution into a graduated cylinder and bring to a final volume of 200.00 mL by adding 190.00 mL of solvent / dH₂O.
The Conservation of Solute in Dilutions
When diluting a stock chemical solution with pure solvent, the total number of solute moles remains unchanged:
$$n = C_1 \times V_1 = C_2 \times V_2 \implies V_1 = \frac{C_2 \times V_2}{C_1}$$
- Dilution Factor ($DF$): $$DF = \frac{C_1}{C_2} = \frac{V_2}{V_1}$$
- Solvent / Diluent Volume: $$V_{\text{solvent}} = V_2 - V_1$$