🧪 Chemistry & Environmental Science
Parts-Per Unit ($\text{ppm}, \text{ppb}, \text{ppt}, \%$) Converter
Convert chemical concentration across Parts-per-Million ($\text{ppm}$), Parts-per-Billion ($\text{ppb}$), Percentage ($\%$), Permille ($\text{\textperthousand}$), and aqueous $\text{mg/L}$.
🌍 Atmospheric CO2 (420 ppm = 0.042%)
🏊 Swimming Pool Chlorine (2 ppm = 2 mg/L)
🚰 EPA Drinking Water Lead Limit (15 ppb)
🌊 Ocean Seawater Salinity (35 ‰ = 3.5%)
Input Concentration
Parts-per-Million (ppm)
420.0 ppm
Percent (%)
0.042%
ppb
420,000 ppb
mg/L (Water)
420.0 mg/L
💡 Parts-Per Ratio Equivalences:
$$1\%\text{ (Percent)} = 10\text{ \textperthousand} = 10,000\text{ ppm} = 10,000,000\text{ ppb}$$
Understanding Parts-Per Notation
Parts-per notation describes dimensionless fractions of very dilute chemical and physical mixtures:
- Percentage ($\%$): Parts per hundred ($10^{-2}$). $1\% = 10,000\text{ ppm}$.
- Permille ($\text{\textperthousand}$): Parts per thousand ($10^{-3}$). $1\text{\textperthousand} = 1,000\text{ ppm}$.
- Parts-per-Million (ppm): $10^{-6}$. In water solutions at $20^\circ\text{C}$ ($1\text{ L} \approx 1\text{ kg}$), $1\text{ ppm} \equiv 1\text{ mg/L}$.
- Parts-per-Billion (ppb): $10^{-9}$. In water, $1\text{ ppb} \equiv 1\text{ }\mu\text{g/L}$.