🎈 Thermodynamics & Gas Kinetic Theory
Ideal Gas Law Calculator ($PV = nRT$)
Solve for any thermodynamic state variable: Pressure ($P$), Volume ($V$), Amount ($n$), or Temperature ($T$) with multi-unit conversions and STP reference presets.
State Variables
moles (mol)
Calculated Pressure (P)
1.000 atm
Molar Volume ($V_m$)
22.41 L/mol
Total Molecules
6.02 × 10²³
Avg Kinetic Energy ($E_k$)
3.41 kJ/mol
💡 Gas Constant Used:
$$R = 0.082057\text{ L}\cdot\text{atm}/(\text{mol}\cdot\text{K}) = 8.31446\text{ J}/(\text{mol}\cdot\text{K})$$
The Ideal Gas Equation Explained
The Ideal Gas Law combines Boyle's Law ($P \propto 1/V$), Charles's Law ($V \propto T$), and Avogadro's Law ($V \propto n$):
$$PV = nRT \implies P = \frac{nRT}{V}, \quad V = \frac{nRT}{P}, \quad n = \frac{PV}{RT}, \quad T = \frac{PV}{nR}$$
- Standard Temperature & Pressure (STP): Defined by IUPAC as $0^\circ\text{C}$ ($273.15\text{ K}$) and $1\text{ bar}$ ($100\text{ kPa}$), yielding standard molar volume $V_m \approx 22.71\text{ L/mol}$ (or $22.414\text{ L/mol}$ at $1\text{ atm}$).