⚡ Conductor Materials & Solid-State Physics
Electrical Resistivity & Conductivity Converter
Convert bulk material resistivity ($\rho = R \cdot A / L$) between $\Omega\cdot\text{m}$, $\Omega\cdot\text{cm}$, $\mu\Omega\cdot\text{cm}$, $\text{Circular mil}\cdot\Omega/\text{ft}$, and $\% \text{IACS}$.
🥉 Copper (100% IACS)
🔩 Aluminum (65% IACS)
✨ Gold (2.44 × 10⁻⁸)
🔥 Nichrome Wire
💻 Silicon (2.3k Ω·m)
Input Resistivity
Standard Resistivity (Ω·m)
1.680 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m
Microhm·cm
1.680 µΩ·cm
cmil·Ω / ft
10.11 cmil·Ω/ft
Conductivity ($\sigma$)
5.95 × 10⁷ S/m
💡 Resistivity Formula:
$$R = \rho \frac{L}{A} \implies \sigma = \frac{1}{\rho} \implies 1\text{ }\Omega\cdot\text{m} = 100\text{ }\Omega\cdot\text{cm} = 10^6\text{ }\mu\Omega\cdot\text{cm}$$
Understanding Electrical Resistivity & IACS
Resistivity ($\rho$) is the intrinsic material property measuring opposition to electric current flow:
- Resistance Formula: $$R = \rho \frac{L}{A}$$
- Electrical Conductivity ($\sigma$): $$\sigma = \frac{1}{\rho} \text{ (in Siemens/meter, S/m)}$$
- IACS Standard: Pure annealed copper defined as $100\% \text{ IACS} = 1.7241 \times 10^{-8}\text{ }\Omega\cdot\text{m}$ ($58.001\text{ MS/m}$). Modern ultra-pure OFC copper reaches up to $102\% \text{ IACS}$.