⚗️ Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation & Buffer Capacity

Henderson-Hasselbalch Buffer Calculator

Compute buffer solution pH, solve for required $[A^-]/[HA]$ conjugate ratio to achieve a target pH, and evaluate Van Slyke buffer capacity ($\beta$).

🧪 Acetate Buffer ($pK_a = 4.76$) 🩸 Phosphate PBS ($pK_a = 7.21$) 🧬 Tris-HCl ($pK_a = 8.06$) 🫁 Bicarbonate ($pK_a = 6.35$) 🍋 Citrate ($pK_a = 3.13$)
Buffer System Parameters
M (Molar)
M (Molar)
Resulting Buffer Solution pH
pH = 7.21
Base / Acid Ratio [A⁻] / [HA] = 1.000
Buffer Capacity ($\beta$)
0.115 M/pH
Total Buffer Conc
0.200 M
Optimal Range
6.21 – 8.21
💡 Formula Calculation:

$$\text{pH} = 7.21 + \log_{10}(0.10 / 0.10) = 7.21 + 0 = 7.21$$

The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

For a weak acid equilibrium $HA \rightleftharpoons H^+ + A^-$:

$$\text{pH} = pK_a + \log_{10}\left(\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}\right)$$